ModelChoice Features: Decision Analysis | Vose Software
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ModelChoice features

Decision trees that solve themselves, inside Excel.

ModelChoice draws your decision tree on an Excel worksheet, takes its probabilities and payoffs from cells you can link to the rest of your model, and finds the best choice again every time an input changes. The same tree then gives you sixteen analyses: what could happen under each option, which estimates matter, how far each one can move before the answer changes, what better information is worth, and a one-page brief for the board.

Venture Fund ReturnsEarly-Stage Fundoptimal-$100,000,000Growth-Stage Fundoptimal-$100,000,000Balanced Portfoliooptimal-$100,000,000Treasury Bondsoptimal$115,000,000Fund Strategy$159,250,000High Success20.0%$0Moderate Returns40.0%$125,000,000Low/Failure40.0%$20,000,000Early-Stage Outcome$108,000,000Double Down on Winnersoptimal$750,000,000Take Profitsoptimal$500,000,000Reinvestment Decision$650,000,000Strong Returns35.0%$0Average Returns45.0%$175,000,000Below Target20.0%$80,000,000Growth-Stage Outcome$159,250,000Accelerate Growthoptimal$470,000,000Prepare for IPOoptimal$350,000,000Capital Deployment$370,000,000Outperform25.0%$300,000,000Meet Target50.0%$200,000,000Underperform25.0%$120,000,000Balanced Outcome$105,000,00020.0%$650,000,00020.0%$400,000,00040.0%$25,000,00040.0%-$80,000,00035.0%$370,000,00035.0%$250,000,00045.0%$75,000,00020.0%-$20,000,00025.0%$200,000,00050.0%$100,000,00025.0%$20,000,000100.0%$115,000,000ABCDEFGH19202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455
Try it
35.0%
Best choice: Growth-Stage Fund, then Accelerate Growth · expected value $159,250,000Treasury Bonds takes over if Strong Returns falls below 21.4%
16
analyses from one decision tree
0
separate tree files: the tree lives in your workbook
1 click
to import a PrecisionTree model
7
languages for the interface and the documentation
59
ready-to-run example models across industries
15 days
free, fully functional trial
01 · Build on the worksheet

How do you build a decision tree in Excel with ModelChoice?

You draw it on the worksheet. ModelChoice places decision, chance and outcome nodes on the sheet as Excel shapes, and every probability and payoff is a real cell, so you can link it to your financial model or an assumptions sheet. Change any input and ModelChoice solves the tree again straight away by backward induction. There is no Run button.

  • Add choices, outcomes and payoffs in the Node Editor, or click any node for the actions that fit it.
  • Build Control Panel lifts every probability and payoff into one labelled input block, like the one above, with the tree linked to it.
  • Copy, paste, append or replace whole subtrees, with the cells behind them, and undo any edit.
  • The tree is saved, shared and versioned with the workbook. Colleagues without ModelChoice can still open it and follow the logic.
Decision nodesChance nodesLinked cellsBackward inductionUndo and redo
Walk through solved decision trees from six industries →
Catalyst retrofit — Control Panel
Adjust parameters below to update the decision tree instantly
ParameterValueUnitsNotes
Holds yield (probability)%Catalyst at full scale
Does not hold (probability)45%%= 1 − Holds yield
Holds yield (payoff)$Terminal value
Does not hold (payoff)$Terminal value
Catalyst retrofitRetrofit the lineoptimal$0Do nothingoptimal$0Retrofit decision$1,950,000Holds yield55.0%$0Does not hold45.0%$0Catalyst at full scale$1,950,00055.0%$6,000,00045.0%-$3,000,000100.0%$0

Best choice: Retrofit the line · expected value $1,950,000. Retrofitting stays best while the chance the catalyst holds is above 33.3%.

Click a yellow cell and type a new value. Try 30% for the chance the catalyst holds.

ModelChoice Risk Profile — Risk Profile
Performed By: Analyst
Date: Wednesday, October 7, 2026
Output: Decision Tree ‘Venture Fund Returns’ — Starting Node: Entire Model
Statistical Summary
StatisticEarly-Stage FundGrowth-Stage FundBalanced PortfolioTreasury Bonds
Expected Value$108.0M$159.3M$105.0M$115.0M
Minimum-$80.0M-$20.0M$20.0M$115.0M
Maximum$650.0M$370.0M$200.0M$115.0M
Std Deviation$275.0M$158.6M$63.8M$0.0M
Outcomes3331
Risk Profile — Venture Fund Returns0%20%40%60%80%100%120%Probability-80,000,000-20,000,00020,000,00025,000,00075,000,000100,000,000115,000,000200,000,000370,000,000650,000,000Payoff ($)Early-Stage FundGrowth-Stage FundBalanced PortfolioTreasury Bonds

The highest average is not the whole story. Growth-Stage Fund has the best expected value, $159.3M, and a 20% chance of losing $20.0M. Treasury Bonds pay $115.0M for certain.

02 · See every outcome

What could actually happen under each option?

Most spreadsheet decisions are made on the average alone. The Risk Profile report shows every possible payoff for each strategy and how likely it is, with the expected value, the worst and best case and the standard deviation side by side. The Cumulative Risk Profile gives the same picture as percentiles.

  • Compare strategies on their downside, not just their average: the language risk committees and regulators use.
  • Start the profile at the whole model or at any node in the tree.
  • Each report is a new sheet with its own table and Excel chart, ready to copy into a board paper.
Why one number hides the risk →
03 · Find what matters

Which estimates actually move the answer?

One-way sensitivity analysis varies each input across a range and shows how the expected value of every option responds. A tornado chart ranks the inputs by how far they swing the result, a spider chart shows the path of each one, and ModelChoice marks the point where the best choice changes.

  • Tornado and spider charts with a results table of every input’s swing.
  • Two-way sensitivity picks the two highest-impact inputs and maps which option is best across both at once.
  • Spend your time refining the few estimates that change the decision, not all of them.
How to read a tornado chart →

One-way sensitivity: Venture Fund Returns

Expected value of each first choice
Early-Stage FundGrowth-Stage FundBalanced PortfolioTreasury BondsBest choice
35.0%
Early-Stage Fund–
Growth-Stage Fund–
Balanced Portfolio–
Treasury Bonds–

04 · Break the decision

How sure can we be? How far can each estimate move before the answer changes?

Break the Decision finds, for every input, the exact value at which the best strategy flips to another one. A robustness score from 0 to 100 sums up how fragile the recommendation is, and a Monte Carlo test varies all the inputs together to estimate how often it would be wrong. It is the defensible answer to the board’s question: how confident are we?

  • Every input ranked by how close it is to flipping the decision, with the strategy it flips to.
  • Force to Outcome works the other way round: it finds what would have to be true for a strategy you name to come out best.
  • Separate report sheets for the verdict, the vulnerability map, decision boundaries, threats and recommendations.
ModelChoice — Break the Decision — Robustness
Performed By: Analyst
Date: Wednesday, October 7, 2026
Model: ‘Venture Fund Returns’
SECTION B: SINGLE-PARAMETER VULNERABILITY MAP
ParameterBaselineThresholdChangeFlips ToRisk
High Success (probability)0.2000.276+37.8%Early-Stage Fund (was Growth-Stage Fund)HIGH
Strong Returns (probability)0.3500.214-39.0%Treasury BondsMEDIUM
Low/Failure (probability)0.4000.236-40.9%Early-Stage Fund (was Growth-Stage Fund)MEDIUM
Below Target (probability)0.2000.397+98.7%Treasury BondsMEDIUM
Accelerate Growth (value)$470,000,000$350,000,000-25.5%Prepare for IPO (was Accelerate Growth)MEDIUM
Average Returns (probability)0.4500.739+64.2%Treasury BondsMEDIUM
Double Down on Winners (value)$750,000,000$1,006,250,000+34.2%Early-Stage Fund (was Growth-Stage Fund)LOW
Prepare for IPO (value)$350,000,000$470,000,000+34.3%Prepare for IPO (was Accelerate Growth)LOW
Moderate Returns (probability)0.4000.030-92.6%Early-Stage Fund (was Growth-Stage Fund)LOW
Treasury Bonds (value)$115,000,000$159,250,000+38.5%Treasury BondsLOW
Outperform (probability)0.2500.678+171.3%Balanced PortfolioLOW
Growth-Stage Fund (value)-$100,000,000-$144,250,000+44.2%Treasury BondsLOW
Robustness score
13/ 100CRITICAL

Growth-Stage Fund is the best choice today, but only just. Select a row in the report to see what would change the answer.

If the High Success probability rises from 0.200 to 0.276, the best first choice becomes Early-Stage Fund instead of Growth-Stage Fund.

05 · Price information

Is a study, pilot or survey worth paying for?

The expected value of perfect information (EVPI) is the most any study could be worth: what knowing the outcome before you decide would add. The expected value of imperfect information (EVII) is what a real test of known accuracy adds. ModelChoice works out both from the tree, so you can set them against the cost of the test before you commission it.

  • The report revises the tree’s probabilities for each test result and shows the best decision after each one.
  • EVPI caps what any study, expert opinion or extra data could be worth.
  • The verdict compares the test’s value with its cost, so the go or no-go is on one line.

The example is the catalyst retrofit from section 01. A demonstration-reactor pilot costs $250,000 and is right 90% of the time when the catalyst holds and 85% when it does not.

Worked example: EVPI and EVII step by step →

Try a different pilot

90%
85%
$250,000
ModelChoice — Value of Information Analysis
Performed By: Analyst
Date: Wednesday, October 7, 2026
Test: ‘Demonstration-reactor pilot’ — Target: ‘Catalyst at full scale’ — Model: ‘Catalyst retrofit’
Key Values
MetricValue
Prior EV1,950,000.00
EVPI (upper bound)1,350,000.00
EVII (test value)817,500.00
Test Cost250,000.00
Net Value (EVII − Cost)567,500.00
WORTHWHILE — test value (817,500) exceeds cost (250,000)
If Pilot passes: Retrofit the line (EV = 4,920,000). If Pilot fails: Do nothing (EV = 0).
Signal Details
SignalP(Signal)P(Holds yield|Signal)P(Does not hold|Signal)Best DecisionOptimal EV
Pilot passes0.56250.88000.1200Retrofit the line4,920,000.00
Pilot fails0.43750.12570.8743Do nothing0.00
Likelihood Matrix P(Signal | State)
State \ SignalPilot passesPilot fails
Holds yield0.90000.1000
Does not hold0.15000.8500
06 · Brief the board

How do you explain the decision to the board?

The Decision Brief puts the analysis on one page: the recommendation and how robust it is, the expected value, the chance of a loss, the estimates that drive the result, the nearest threats and a plain-English summary. It is rebuilt in seconds when an input changes, and Export Brief to PDF writes it as a single page.

  • Policy Suggestion ranks every strategy by expected value, with its gap to the best, for when the room has a favourite.
  • Policy Tree shows only the chosen path, for a clean slide.
  • Strategy Table lists every strategy with its full decision path and expected value, for audit.

Decision Brief

Venture Fund Returns
07 Oct 2026
RECOMMENDATION
Growth-Stage FundCRITICAL  13/100
EV $159.3M · Margin +$42.0M (36%) over Growth-Stage Fund / Prepare for IPO · EVPI $145.2M · (1 further decision along optimal path)
Expected value$159.3M
P(loss < 0)20%Worst: −$20.0M
Std. deviation$158.6M
Upside (best)$370.0M
KEY DRIVERS
1Strong Returns
2Average Returns
3Below Target
RISK SNAPSHOT
Expected value$159.3M
Std. deviation$158.6M
Minimum (worst)−$20.0M
Maximum (best)$370.0M
P(loss < 0)20%
EVPI$145.2M
EVWPI$304.5M
NEAREST THREATS
ThreatStrategyFlip ConditionEV Gap
MEDIUMGrowth-Stage Fund / Prepare for IPOAccelerate Growth −26%$42.0M
MEDIUMTreasury BondsStrong Returns −39%$44.3M
HIGHEarly-Stage Fund / Double Down on WinnersHigh Success +38%$51.3M
The decision to choose Growth-Stage Fund at Fund Strategy, then Accelerate Growth at Capital Deployment is critical (score 13/100), with an expected value of $159.3M. The nearest competing strategy is Growth-Stage Fund / Prepare for IPO, which becomes optimal if Accelerate Growth drops by 26% from its current value; the current expected value gap is $42.0M. The most influential parameter is Strong Returns, which shifts the expected value from $130.9M to $187.6M across its tested range. Perfect information about all uncertainties is worth at most $145.2M.
Generated by ModelChoice · Decision Brief v1.0Sheet: MC_Brief
Recommendation and robustnessThe best strategy, its margin over the runner-up and the robustness score, in the first band.
Key driversThe estimates that move the expected value most, from the sensitivity analysis.
Nearest threatsThe strategies closest to taking over, and what would have to change.
Plain-English summaryA paragraph a reader who has never opened ModelChoice can follow.

Change the weights

30%
30%
20%
20%

ModelChoice scales the weights to add up to 1.

ModelChoice — MCDA Report — Summary
Performed By: Analyst
Date: Wednesday, October 7, 2026
Model: ‘Supplier Selection’
Higher composite score = better overall performance across all weighted criteria.
A. Executive Summary
Recommendation:Local SupplierComposite Score:0.636 / 1.00Margin over next-best:+0.062 (+11%) over Dual SourceFinancial:$1,200,000.00Quality:ExcellentDelivery:OnTimeSustainability:Good
B. Scorecard Comparison
OptionTypeFinancialQualityDeliverySustainabilityComposite
w=0.30, Maxw=0.30, Maxw=0.20, Maxw=0.20, Maxw=1.00
Local SupplierRaw1,200,000.00ExcellentOnTimeGood0.636
Norm.0.6020.6170.4250.925
Overseas SupplierRaw930,000.00AcceptableLatePoor0.333
Norm.0.4770.4330.2500.050
Dual SourceRaw930,000.00ExcellentOnTimeFair0.573
Norm.0.4770.7170.3750.700

Local Supplier scores best with these weights, 0.062 ahead of Dual Source.

Try Sustainability at 0% and Quality at 60%: Dual Source comes out on top.

07 · Weigh more than money

What if the decision is not only about money?

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) scores each outcome on criteria such as quality, delivery, safety or sustainability as well as the financial payoff. You give each criterion a weight and a scale of named options, and ModelChoice works out a composite score at every outcome and rolls the tree back on it.

  • Enter weights directly, or derive them with AHP from pairwise comparisons on Saaty’s 1 to 9 scale, with a consistency ratio that flags contradictory answers.
  • Choose weighted sum, weighted geometric mean or WASPAS, depending on whether a strong score should be able to make up for a weak one.
  • Utility functions (exponential, logarithmic, square root and linear) give certainty equivalents and risk premiums, and the best choice for a decision maker who is averse to risk.
08 · Simulate with ModelRisk

What if an outcome is a range, not three branches?

Some uncertainties are better described by a continuous distribution than by a few branches: a price, demand, a duration, an interest rate. With ModelRisk, Vose’s Monte Carlo add-in, you can put a distribution such as VosePERT, VoseNormal or VoseLognormal into any payoff or probability in the tree and simulate it thousands of times.

  • Type a distribution into a cell, as in any ModelRisk model, or apply one to a range of nodes in the Distribution Editor.
  • Worksheet functions such as MC_NodeValue and MC_NodeDecision can be simulation outputs, so you get the distribution of any node’s value.
  • The Simulation tab of Model Settings controls how decisions are made in each iteration.
See what ModelRisk adds →

Three ways to simulate a tree

With ModelRisk installed
E35fx=VosePERT(300000000, 470000000, 700000000)
Expected Value Tracking

A fast estimate of the best strategy and its expected value when some inputs are continuous.

Sampled Paths

Each iteration follows one complete path through the tree and records its payoff, so you see the full spread of outcomes.

Perfect Information Bounds

Each iteration picks the decision that would have been best for that iteration’s outcomes, giving the EVPI under continuous uncertainty.

Illustrative: a ModelRisk distribution typed into the Accelerate Growth payoff cell of the tree at the top of this page.

09 · Import and automate

Does it work with what we already have?

ModelChoice is an Excel add-in, not a separate application, so a tree lives next to the data that feeds it. Existing PrecisionTree models come across in one click, trees can be saved as JSON, and everything the ribbon does can be scripted.

Import from PrecisionTree

The Import command converts a copy of a PrecisionTree workbook (.xls or .xlsx) into a native ModelChoice tree. The original is left untouched.

PrecisionTree alternative guide →

JSON export and import

Save any tree, with its settings and MCDA set-up, as a JSON file. Keep it in version control, compare versions, or build trees from a database.

Automation API

Headless commands for the main analyses, callable from Python, .NET or VBA through Application.Run, for batch runs and in-house tools.

Worksheet functions

Functions such as MC_NodeValue, MC_NodeDecision and MC_NodeProbability return a node’s value, decision or probability in any cell.

Audit trail in the workbook

Key values are named ranges (MC_V_…, MC_P_…), every formula can be inspected, and sheet protection locks a finished model.

AI assistants

The open modelchoice-mcp server lets assistants such as Claude build and edit trees, import PrecisionTree models and run ModelChoice reports through conversation.

modelchoice-mcp on PyPI →

Seven languages

Ribbon, dialogs, messages and help in English, German, Spanish, French, Japanese, Portuguese and Russian.

59 example models

Ready-to-run trees from oil and gas, pharma, finance, infrastructure, manufacturing, technology, agriculture and the public sector.

ModelChoice features at a glance

Everything on this page is included in every ModelChoice licence. Monte Carlo simulation also needs ModelRisk.

AreaWhat’s included
Tree buildingDecision, chance and outcome nodes drawn as Excel shapes on the worksheet; probabilities and payoffs in real cells you can link anywhere; Node Editor; a menu on every node; copy, paste, append and replace subtrees; undo and redo; Build Control Panel.
RollbackBackward induction on every change; optimal path highlighted; expected value at every node; trees that maximise value or minimise cost.
Risk profilesEvery payoff and its probability for each strategy, with summary statistics; cumulative view with percentiles.
SensitivityOne-way analysis with tornado and spider charts and the points where the best choice changes; two-way analysis of the two highest-impact inputs.
RobustnessBreak the Decision: the flip value of every input, a 0 to 100 robustness score, nearest threats, a Monte Carlo test of the recommendation, and recommendations.
Force to OutcomeFinds the single- and multi-input changes that would make a strategy you name come out best, or hit a target value or cost.
StrategiesPolicy Suggestion ranks every strategy by expected value with its gap to the best; Policy Tree shows the chosen path only; Strategy Table lists every strategy for audit.
Value of informationEVPI for all uncertainties; EVII for a test of known accuracy, with the revised probabilities, the best decision after each result and the value net of the test’s cost.
Decision BriefOne page: recommendation, robustness score, key numbers, drivers, nearest threats and a plain-English summary; Export Brief to PDF.
Multi-criteriaWeighted financial and non-financial criteria on named scales; AHP weights with a consistency ratio; weighted sum, weighted geometric mean or WASPAS.
Attitude to riskExponential, logarithmic, square-root and linear utility functions; certainty equivalents and risk premiums.
Monte CarloModelRisk distributions in any payoff or probability; Expected Value Tracking, Sampled Paths and Perfect Information Bounds. Needs ModelRisk.
Import and exportOne-click PrecisionTree import (.xls, .xlsx); JSON export and import of complete trees.
AutomationHeadless commands for Python, .NET and VBA; worksheet functions for node values, decisions and probabilities; the open modelchoice-mcp server for AI assistants.
AuditabilityNamed ranges for key values, inspectable formulas, sheet protection.
Languages and examplesEnglish, German, Spanish, French, Japanese, Portuguese and Russian; 59 example models; in-product help.

Frequently asked questions

How much does ModelChoice cost?

ModelChoice is sold as an annual licence, for a single computer or as a network licence, in one edition with every feature on this page included and a fully functional 15-day trial. Current prices and volume discounts are on the pricing page. Our comparison of seven decision analysis tools lists the prices other vendors publish.

Do I need ModelRisk to use ModelChoice?

No. ModelChoice works on its own in Excel. You need ModelRisk only if you want continuous distributions in the tree and a Monte Carlo simulation through it.

Can I import my PrecisionTree models?

Yes. The Import command converts a copy of a PrecisionTree workbook (.xls or .xlsx) into a native ModelChoice tree and leaves the original untouched. Our PrecisionTree alternative guide compares the two products.

Where is my decision tree stored?

In your Excel workbook. ModelChoice draws the tree as Excel shapes next to the cells that hold its values, so it is saved, shared and version-controlled with the workbook, and colleagues without ModelChoice can still open it. You can also export any tree to JSON.

What do I need to run ModelChoice?

Microsoft Excel 2016, 2019, 2021 or Microsoft 365, 32-bit or 64-bit, on Windows 10 or 11, with the .NET 9 runtime. ModelChoice does not run on macOS. Full details are on the system requirements page.

Is there a free trial?

Yes. The 15-day trial is the complete product, with every analysis and all 59 example models, so you can build your first tree on a decision you are working on.

Build your first decision tree free for 15 days

The full product: draw a tree with your own numbers and see its risk profile, robustness score and Decision Brief. See prices and discounts